All references to outside works are footnoted at their first appearance and subsequently cited internally by work and page number, except for some brief excerpts of poetry, which were taken from M. H. Abrams (ed.), The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Fifth Edition (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1986). References to The Lord of the Rings trilogy are made by volume number and page:

Volume I: The Fellowship of the Ring

Volume II: The Two Towers

Volume III: The Return of the King

Humphrey Carpenter's excellent biography of Tolkien and edition of his letters were an invaluable resource throughout. I also acknowledge C. S. Lewis' essay, "The Dethronement of Power" (Isaacs and Zimbardo [ed.], Tolkien and the Critics, 12-16), an excellent beginning for any inquiry into Tolkien's epic.